|
In filmmaking and video production, a crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a crane or jib. The most obvious uses are to view the actors from above or to move up and away from them, a common way of ending a movie. Camera cranes go back to the dawn of movie-making, and were frequently used in silent films to enhance the epic nature of large sets and massive crowds. The major supplier of cranes in Hollywood throughout the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s was the Chapman Company (later Chapman-Leonard of North Hollywood), supplanted by dozens of similar manufacturers around the world. The typical design provided seats for both the director and the camera operator, and sometimes a third seat for the cinematographer as well. Large weights on the back of the crane provided a perfect balance to compensate for the weight of the people riding the crane. The weights had to be adjusted carefully to avoid the possibility of accidents. During the 1960s, the tallest Hollywood crane was the Chapman Titan crane, a massive design over 20' high that won an Academy Scientific & Engineering award.〔http://www.chapman-leonard.com/HISTORY.html〕 Most cranes like this were manually operated, requiring an experienced boom operator who knew how to raise, lower, and "crab" the camera alongside actors while the crane platform rolled on separate tracks. The crane operator and camera operator had to precisely coordinate their moves so that focus, pan, and camera position all started and stopped at the same time, requiring great skill and rehearsal. Some filmmakers like to have the camera on a boom arm just to make it easier to move around between ordinary set-ups. Most cranes accommodate both the camera and an operator, but some can be operated by remote control. They are usually, but not always, found in what are supposed to be emotional or suspenseful scenes. One example of this technique is the shots taken by remote cranes in the car-chase sequence of ''To Live and Die in L.A.'' During the last few years, camera cranes have been miniaturized and costs have dropped so dramatically that most aspiring film makers have access to these tools. What was once a "Hollywood" effect is now available for under $400. == Types == * Rise Up: The camera rises vertically. * Fall Down: The camera moves vertically downward. Crane-truck operator and kranmeysterom Camera crane is traditionally divided into small, medium and large, depending on the load capacity and loading arm . Historically, the first was a kind of camera crane, which provides for lifting the chamber together with the operator, and sometimes with an assistant. It imposes certain restrictions on the range of motion of the boom because of the high load capacity and the need to ensure operator safety. In recent years more and more popular acquires another kind of camera crane with remote control - crane boom tripod . This crane carries the boom only movie camera or a television camera without operator and allows you to shoot from difficult points, as a small load capacity makes it possible to ensure the long reach of the crane boom and the relative freedom of movement. Availability of motorized panoramic head, remote control and video surveillance allows the operator to control the camera from the ground, watching the image on the monitor . A separate category consists of telescopic camera cranes. These devices allow you to set an arbitrary trajectory of the camera and get rid of characteristic jib cranes radial displacement during "spans" over shoot the scene. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「crane shot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|